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PUBLICATIONS

Representative ten recent publications

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Wang, Y.; Chen, K.; Prine, N.; Rondeau‐Gagné, S.; Chiu, Y.; Gu, X. Stretchable and Self‐Healable Semiconductive Composites Based on Hydrogen BondingCross‐linked Elastomeric Matrix. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 2303031, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202303031.

Cao, Z.; Tolba, S. A.; Li, Z.; Mason, G. T.; Wang, Y.; Do, C.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Xia, W.; Gu, X. Molecular Structure and Conformational Design of Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers to Enable Predictable Optoelectronic Property. Adv. Mater. 2023, n/a (n/a), 2302178. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202302178.

Zhao, H.; Prine, N.; Ma, G.; Zhang, Y.; Haque, M. A.; Baran, D.; Gu, X. Out-of-Plane Transient Thermal Conductivity Measurements for Bulk Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers Using Fast Scanning Calorimetry. Sustain. Energy Fuels 2023. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SE01413K

Cao, Z.; Li, Z.; Tolba, S. A.; Mason, G. T.; Xiong, M.; Ocheje, M. U.; Alesadi, A.; Do, C.; Hong, K.; Lei, T.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Xia, W.; Gu, X. Probing Single-Chain Conformation and Its Impact on the Optoelectronic Properties of Donor–Accepter Conjugated Polymers. J. Mater. Chem. A 2023. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA09389H

Prine, N.; Cao, Z.; Zhang, S.; Li, T.; Do, C.; Hong, K.; Cardinal, C.; Thornell, T. L.; Morgan, S. E.; Gu, X. Enabling Quantitative Analysis of Complex Polymer Blends by Infrared Nanospectroscopy and Isotopic Deuteration. Nanoscale 2023. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR00886J

Alesadi, A.; Cao, Z.; Li, Z.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, H.; Gu, X.; Xia, W. Machine Learning Prediction of Glass Transition Temperature of Conjugated Polymers from Chemical Structure. Cell Reports Phys. Sci. 2022, 3 (6), 100911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100911

 

Zhang, S.; Koizumi, M.; Cao, Z.; Mao, K. S.; Qian, Z.; Galuska, L. A.; Jin, L.; Gu, X. Directly Probing the Fracture Behavior of Ultrathin Polymeric Films. ACS Polym. Au 2021, acspolymersau.1c00005. https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00005

 

Galuska, L. A.; Muckley, E. S.; Cao, Z.; Ehlenberg, D. F.; Qian, Z.; Zhang, S.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Phan, M. D.; Ankner, J. F.; Ivanov, I. N.; et al. SMART Transfer Method to Directly Compare the Mechanical Response of Water-Supported and Free-Standing Ultrathin Polymeric Films. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12 (1), 2347. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22473-w

Zhang, S.; Alesadi, A.; Mason, G. T.; Chen, K.-L.; Freychet, G.; Galuska, L.; Cheng, Y.-H.; St. Onge, P. B. J.; Ocheje, M. U.; Ma, G.; et al. Molecular Origin of Strain-Induced Chain Alignment in PDPP-Based Semiconducting Polymeric Thin Films. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, n/a (n/a), 2100161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202100161

Review articles


Topic: Glass transition phenomenon
 1) Qian, Z.; Cao, Z.; Galuska, L.; Zhang, S.; Xu, J.; Gu, X. Glass Transition Phenomenon for Conjugated Polymers. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2019, 220 (11), 1900062. https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201900062

 

Topic: Thin film tensile test 
2) Zhang, S.; Galuska, L. A.; Gu, X. Water‐assisted Mechanical Testing of Polymeric thin‐films. J. Polym. Sci. 2022, 60 (7), 1108–1129. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20210281
 

Topic: Rigidity of conjugated polymers
3) Cao, Z.; Leng, M.; Cao, Y.; Gu, X.; Fang, L. How Rigid Are Conjugated Non‐ladder and Ladder Polymers? J. Polym. Sci. 2022, 60 (3), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20210550

 

All publications
    Pre-2020 is here (64 publications) 

2025

(189) Tang, K., Shaw, A., Upreti, S., Zhao, H., Wang, Y., Mason, G. T., Aguinaga, J., Guo, K., Patton, D., Baran, D., Rondeau-Gagné, S., & Gu, X. (2025). Impact of Sequential Chemical Doping on the Thin Film Mechanical Properties of Conjugated Polymers. Chemistry of Materials, 53(4), 1702–1729.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c03120

(190) Xie, Z., Huang, Z., Li, H., Xu, T., Zhao, H., Wang, Y., Pang, X., Cao, Z., Altoé, V., Klivansky, L. M., Wang, Z., Shelton, S. W., Lai, S., Liu, P., Zhu, C., Connolly, M. D., Ralston, C. Y., Gu, X., Peng, Z., Zhang, J., Liu, Y. (2025). Advancing high-temperature electrostatic energy storage via linker engineering of metal–organic frameworks in polymer nanocomposites. Energy & Environmental Science.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EE04085F

2024 (25 articles) 

(164) Ma, G.; Li, Z.; Xia, W.; Fang, L.; Gu, X. Effect of Solvent Quality and Sidechain Architecture on the

Conjugated Polymer Chain Conformation in Solution. Nanoscale 2024. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR05721F

(165) Leng, M.; Cao, Z.; Ma, G.; Cao, Y.; Hays, M.; Gu, X.; Fang, L. Synthesis of Isotope‐substituted Conjugated Ladder Polymers. J. Polym. Sci. 2024, n/a (n/a).

https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20240418

(166) Zhao, H.; Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Hong, Q.; Xia, W.; Chiu, Y.; Gu, X. Unveiling Strong Thin Film Confinement Effects on Semirigid Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2024. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.4c01500

(167) Zhao, H.; Prine, N.; Kundu, S.; Ma, G.; Gu, X. Effect of Thermal Stress on Morphology in High-Performance Organic Photovoltaic Blends. JACS Au 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.4c00631

(168) Cao, Z.; Li, Z.; Mooney, M.; Do, C.; Hong, K.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Xia, W.; Gu, X. Uncovering Backbone Conformation for Rigid DPP-Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymer Using Deuterium Labeling and Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.4c01496

(169)  Vo, N. T. P.; Nam, T. U.; Jeong, M. W.; Kim, J. S.; Jung, K. H.; Lee, Y.; Ma, G.; Gu, X.; Tok, J. B.-H.; Lee, T. Il; Bao, Z.; Oh, J. Y. Autonomous Self-Healing Supramolecular Polymer Transistors for Skin Electronics. Nat. Commun.2024, 15 (1), 3433.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47718-2

(170) Nyayachavadi, A.; Wang, C.; Vriza, A.; Wang, Y.; Ma, G.; Mooney, M.; Mason, G. T.; Hu, A.; Liu, Y.; Gu, X.; Chan, H.; Xu, J.; Rondeau‐Gagné, S. Tunable Solid‐State Properties and Anisotropic Charge Mobility in Hydrogen‐Bonded Diketopyrolopyrrole Polymers via Automated Device Fabrication and Characterization. Adv. Funct. Mater.2024, n/a (n/a), 2403612.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202403612

(171) Du, X.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Cao, Z.; Yang, L.; Shi, X.; Zhang, X.; He, C.; Gu, X.; Liu, N. An Ultra‐Conductive and Patternable 40 Nm‐Thick Polymer Film for Reliable Emotion Recognition. Adv. Mater. 2024, n/a (n/a), 2403411.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202403411

(172) Xiong, M.; Deng, X.; Tian, S.; Liu, K.-K.; Fang, Y.; Wang, J.-R.; Wang, Y.; Liu, G.; Chen, J.; Villalva, D. R.; Baran, D.; Gu, X.; Lei, T. Counterion Docking: A General Approach to Reducing Energetic Disorder in Doped Polymeric Semiconductors. Nat. Commun. 2024, 15 (1), 4972.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49208-x

(173) Zhang, B.; Chen, W.; Chen, H.; Zeng, G.; Zhang, R.; Li, H.; Wang, Y.; Gu, X.; Sun, W.; Gu, H.; Gao, F.; Li, Y.; Li, Y. Rapid Solidification for Green-Solvent-Processed Large-Area Organic Solar Modules with >16% Efficiency. Energy Environ. Sci. 2024, 17 (8), 2935–2944.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EE00680A

(174)  Abate, S. Y.; Jha, S.; Shaik, A. K.; Ma, G.; Emodogo, J.; Pradhan, N.; Gu, X.; Patton, D.; Hammer, N. I.; Dai, Q. Fabrication of 1D/3D Heterostructure Perovskite Layers by Tetrabutylammonium Tetrafluoroborate for High-Performance Devices. Org. Electron. 2024, 125, 106984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2023.106984

(175) Wang, X.; Huang, H.; Gu, K.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, C.; Gu, X.; Qiu, L. Modulating Aggregation Structure and Properties of Conjugated Polymers via Ester Additives. Macromolecules 2024. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00576

(176) Qiang, Y.; Xie, R.; He, B.; Liu, C.; Zhou, Q.; Wang, Y.; Gu, X.; Gong, X.; Liu, Y.; Liu, X. Designer Conjugation-Break Spacer That Boosts Charge Transport in Semiconducting Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2024, 57 (12), 5902–5914.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00613

(177) Das, P.; Salamat, C. Z.; Zayat, B.; Elizalde-Segovia, R.; Wang, Y.; Gu, X.; Narayan, S. R.; Tolbert, S. H.; Thompson, B. C. Evaluating the Impact of Conjugation Break Spacer Incorporation in Poly(3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene)-Based Cathode Binders for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Chem. Mater. 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02555

(178) Mooney, M.; Pandolfi, L.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, C.; Garg, G.; Kraft, U.; Gu, X.; Rondeau‐Gagné, S. Improving Charge Transport and Environmental Stability of Carbohydrate‐Bearing Semiconducting Polymers in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2024, 2400537, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202400537

(179)  Li, J.; Deng, X.; Chen, J.; Fu, P.; Tian, S.; Wang, Y.; Gu, X.; Lei, T. Cationic Conjugated Polymers with Enhanced Doped-State Planarity for n -Type Organic Thermoelectrics. CCS Chem. 2024, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.31635/ccschem.024.202404274

(180) Xie, Z.; Le, K.; Li, H.; Pang, X.; Xu, T.; Altoé, V.; Klivansky, L. M.; Wang, Y.; Huang, Z.; Shelton, S. W.; Gu, X.; Liu, P.; Peng, Z.; Liu, Y. Interfacial Engineering Using Covalent Organic Frameworks in Polymer Composites for High‐Temperature Electrostatic Energy Storage. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, n/a (n/a), 2314910.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202314910

(181)  Giri, H.; Ma, G.; Almtiri, M.; Gu, X.; Scott, C. N. Side Chain Effects on the Conductivity of Phenothiazine-Derived Polyaniline. Chem. Mater. 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02268

(182) Liu, C.; Liang, H.; Xie, R.; Zhou, Q.; Qi, M.; Yang, C.; Gu, X.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, G.; Li, J.; Gong, X.; Chen, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Z.; Ge, X.; Wang, Y.; Yang, C.; Liu, Y.; Liu, X. A Three‐in‐One Hybrid Strategy for High‐Performance Semiconducting Polymers Processed from Anisole. Adv. Sci. 2024, 11 (25), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202401345

(183) Dai, Y.; Wai, S.; Li, P.; Shan, N.; Cao, Z.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Liu, W.; Tang, K.; Liu, Y.; Hua, M.; Li, S.; Li, N.; Chatterji, S.; Fry, H. C.; Lee, S.; Zhang, C.; Weires, M.; Sutyak, S.; Shi, J.; Zhu, C.; Xu, J.; Gu, X.; Tian, B.; Wang, S. Soft Hydrogel Semiconductors with Augmented Biointeractive Functions. Science (80-. ). 2024, 386 (6720), 431–439.

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp9314

(184) Paruchuri, A.; Wang, Y.; Gu, X.; Jayaraman, A. Machine Learning for Analyzing Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Images Generated from Polymer Blends. Digit. Discov. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4DD00215F

 

(185) Du, X.; Yang, L.; Shi, X.; Ye, C.; Wang, Y.; Song, D.; Xiong, W.; Gu, X.; Lu, C.; Liu, N. Ultrathin Bioelectrode Array with Improved Electrochemical Performance for Electrophysiological Sensing and Modulation. ACS Nano 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c13325

(186)  Li, H.; Zheng, H.; Yue, T.; Xie, Z.; Yu, S.; Zhou, J.; Kapri, T.; Wang, Y.; Cao, Z.; Zhao, H.; Kemelbay, A.; He, J.; Zhang, G.; Pieters, P. F.; Dailing, E. A.; Cappiello, J. R.; Salmeron, M.; Gu, X.; Xu, T.; Wu, P.; Li, Y.; Sharpless, K. B.; Liu, Y. Machine Learning-Accelerated Discovery of Heat-Resistant Polysulfates for Electrostatic Energy Storage. Nat. Energy 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01670-z

(187) Mehrehjedy, A.; Kumar, P.; Ahmad, Z.; Jankoski, P.; Kshirsagar, A. S.; Azoulay, J. D.; He, X.; Gangishetty, M. K.; Clemons, T. D.; Gu, X.; Miao, W. Fast and Facile Synthesis of Cobalt-Doped ZIF ‑ 8 and Fe 3 O 4 / MCC / Cobalt-Doped ZIF ‑ 8 for the Photodegradation of Organic Dyes under Visible Light. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c06142

(188) Hidalgo Castillo, T. C.; Shan, W.; Ma, G.; Zhao, H.; Wang, Y.; Druet, V.; Saleh, A.; Gu, X.; Inal, S. Thermal Annealing for High Performance and Memory Behavior in N-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Adv. Mater. 2024, n/a (n/a), 2411214.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202411214

2023 (27 articles) 

(137) Zhao, H.; Prine, N.; Ma, G.; Zhang, Y.; Haque, M. A.; Baran, D.; Gu, X. Out-of-Plane Transient Thermal Conductivity Measurements for Bulk Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers Using Fast Scanning Calorimetry. Sustain. Energy Fuels 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SE01413K

(138) Cao, Z.; Li, Z.; Tolba, S. A.; Mason, G. T.; Xiong, M.; Ocheje, M. U.; Alesadi, A.; Do, C.; Hong, K.; Lei, T.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Xia, W.; Gu, X. Probing Single-Chain Conformation and Its Impact on the Optoelectronic Properties of Donor–Accepter Conjugated Polymers. J. Mater. Chem. A 2023. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA09389H

(139) Prine, N.; Cao, Z.; Zhang, S.; Li, T.; Do, C.; Hong, K.; Cardinal, C.; Thornell, T. L.; Morgan, S. E.; Gu, X. Enabling Quantitative Analysis of Complex Polymer Blends by Infrared Nanospectroscopy and Isotopic Deuteration. Nanoscale 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR00886J

(140) Prine, N.; Cardinal, C.; Gu, X. Understanding and Controlling the Depth Sensitivity of Scanning Probe Based Infrared Imaging and Nanospectroscopy for Buried Polymeric Structures. Nanoscale 2023. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR01657A

(141) Wang, Y.; Chen, K.; Prine, N.; Rondeau‐Gagné, S.; Chiu, Y.; Gu, X. Stretchable and Self‐Healable Semiconductive Composites Based on Hydrogen BondingCross‐linked Elastomeric Matrix. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 2303031, 1–10.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202303031

(142) Cao, Z.; Tolba, S. A.; Li, Z.; Mason, G. T.; Wang, Y.; Do, C.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Xia, W.; Gu, X. Molecular Structure and Conformational Design of Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers to Enable Predictable Optoelectronic Property. Adv. Mater. 2023, n/a (n/a), 2302178.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202302178

(143) Gunkel, I.; Gu, X.; Lutkenhaus, J.; Ryu, D. Y.; Chen, J.-T.; Lin, Z. Introduction to the Honorary Themed Collection for Thomas P. Russell. J. Mater. Chem. A 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA90077K

(144) Weller, D. W.; Halbach, R.; Zabula, A. V; Mattler, S. J.; Gu, X.; López-Barrón, C. R. Polypentenamer Thermoplastic Elastomers via Copolymerization of Cyclopentene and Dicyclopentadiene. RSC Appl. Polym. 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LP00076A

(145) Wang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Freychet, G.; Li, Z.; Chen, K.-L.; Liu, C.-T.; Cao, Z.; Chiu, Y.-C.; Xia, W.; Gu, X. Highly Deformable Rigid Glassy Conjugated Polymeric Thin Films. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, n/a (n/a), 2306576.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202306576

(146) Wang, Y.; Chen, K.; Awada, A.; Prine, N.; Cao, Z.; Zhu, C.; Chiu, Y.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Gu, X. Leveraging Non-Covalent Interactions to Control the Morphology and Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Stretchable Semiconducting Composites. Chem. Mater. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02131

(147) Ma, G.; Zhang, S.; Galuska, L. A.; Gu, X. Rapid Stress Relaxation of High‐ Tg Conjugated Polymeric Thin Films. J. Polym. Sci. 2023, n/a (n/a).

https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230671

(148) Abate, S. Y.; Yang, Z.; Jha, S.; Emodogo, J.; Ma, G.; Ouyang, Z.; Muhammad, S.; Pradhan, N.; Gu, X.; Patton, D.; Li, D.; Cai, J.; Dai, Q. Promoting Large-Area Slot-Die-Coated Perovskite Solar Cell Performance and Reproducibility by Acid-Based Sulfono-γ-AApeptide. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c02571

 

(149) Wu, N.; Huang, G.; Huang, H.; Wang, Y.; Gu, X.; Wang, X.; Qiu, L. Achieving High Performance Stretchable Conjugated Polymers via Donor Structure Engineering. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2023, n/a (n/a), 2300169.

https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202300169

(150) Zheng, Y.; Michalek, L.; Liu, Q.; Wu, Y.; Kim, H.; Sayavong, P.; Yu, W.; Zhong, D.; Zhao, C.; Yu, Z.; Chiong, J. A.; Gong, H.; Ji, X.; Liu, D.; Zhang, S.; Prine, N.; Zhang, Z.; Wang, W.; Tok, J. B.-H.; Gu, X.; Cui, Y.; Kang, J.; Bao, Z. Environmentally Stable and Stretchable Polymer Electronics Enabled by Surface-Tethered Nanostructured Molecular-Level Protection. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-023-01418-y

(151) Abate, S. Y.; Yang, Z.; Jha, S.; Ma, G.; Ouyang, Z.; Zhang, H.; Muhammad, S.; Pradhan, N.; Gu, X.; Patton, D.; Wang, K.; Li, D.; Cai, J.; Dai, Q. Room Temperature Slot-Die Coated Perovskite Layer Modified with Sulfonyl-γ-AApeptide for High Performance Perovskite Solar Devices. Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 457 (December 2022), 141199.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.141199

(152) Jeong, M. W.; Ma, J. H.; Shin, J. S.; Kim, J. S.; Ma, G.; Nam, T. U.; Gu, X.; Kang, S. J.; Oh, J. Y. Intrinsically Stretchable Three Primary Light-Emitting Films Enabled by Elastomer Blend for Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes. Sci. Adv. 2023, 9 (25).

https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adh1504

(153) Mooney, M.; Nyayachavadi, A.; Awada, A.; Iakovidis, E.; Wang, Y.; Chen, M.-N.; Liu, Y.; Xu, J.; Chiu, Y.-C.; Gu, X.; et al. Asymmetric Side-Chain Engineering in Semiconducting Polymers: A Platform for Greener Processing and Post-Functionalization of Organic Electronics. Polym. Chem. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2PY01244H

(154) Eedugurala, N.; Steelman, M. E.; Mahalingavelar, P.; Adams, D. J.; Mayer, K. S.; Liu, C.-T.; Benasco, A.; Ma, G.; Gu, X.; Bowman, M. K.; Azoulay, J. D. Strong Acceptor Annulation Enables Control of Electronic Structure and Spin Configuration in Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers. Chem. Mater. 2023, 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c03548

(155) Allen, M. J.; Lien, H.-M.; Prine, N.; Burns, C.; Rylski, A. K.; Gu, X.; Cox, L. M.; Mangolini, F.; Freeman, B. D.; Page, Z. A. Multimorphic Materials: Spatially Tailoring Mechanical Properties via Selective Initiation of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. Adv. Mater. 2023, 35 (9), 2210208. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202210208

(156) Li, N.; Li, Y.; Cheng, Z.; Liu, Y.; Dai, Y.; Kang, S.; Li, S.; Shan, N.; Wai, S.; Ziaja, A.; Wang, Y.; Strzalka, J.; Liu, W.; Zhang, C.; Gu, X.; Hubbell, J. A.; Tian, B.; Wang, S. Bioadhesive Polymer Semiconductors and Transistors for Intimate Biointerfaces. Science (80-. ). 2023, 381 (6658), 686–693. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg8758

(157) Mehringer, K. D.; Vagholkar, P. K.; Davis, B. J.; Kemp, L. K.; Ma, G.; Storey, R. F.; Gu, X.; Thornell, T. L.; Wedgeworth, D. N.; Simon, Y. C.; Morgan, S. E. Influence of Side Chain Lengths in Mechanophore‐containing Polyisobutylene‐graft‐polystyrene. J. Polym. Sci. 2023, n/a (n/a). https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230378

(158) Luo, S.; Li, Y.; Li, N.; Cao, Z.; Zhang, S.; Ocheje, M. U.; Gu, X.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Xue, G.; Wang, S.; Zhou, D.; Xu, J. Real-Time Correlation of Crystallization and Segmental Order in Conjugated Polymers. Mater. Horizons. 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D3MH00956D

(159) Chen, M.-N.; Ke, C.-Y.; Nyayachavadi, A.; Zhao, H.; Ocheje, M. U.; Mooney, M.; Li, Y.-T.; Gu, X.; Liou, G.-S.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Chiu, Y.-C. Facile Blending Strategy for Boosting the Conjugated Polymer Semiconductor Transistor’s Mobility. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c10499

(160)  Muñoz, G.; Chamberlain, K. M.; Athukorale, S.; Ma, G.; Gu, X.; Pittman Jr., C. U.; Smith Jr., D. W. Teaching Old Polymers New Tricks: Improved Synthesis and Anomalous Crystallinity for a Lost Semi-Fluorinated Polyaryl Ether via Interfacial Polymerization of Hexafluoroacetone Hydrate and Diphenyl Ether. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2023, 44 (4), 2200737.

https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202200737

(161) Peña‐Alcántara, A.; Nikzad, S.; Michalek, L.; Prine, N.; Wang, Y.; Gong, H.; Ponte, E.; Schneider, S.; Wu, Y.; Root, S. E.; He, M.; Tok, J. B. ‐H.; Gu, X.; Bao, Z. Effect of Molecular Weight on the Morphology of a Polymer Semiconductor–Thermoplastic Elastomer Blend. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2023, 2201055, 2201055. https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202201055

(162)  Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Ma, G.; Liao, Y.; Gu, X.; Xia, W. Probing Conformational Properties of Conjugated Polymers in Dilute Solutions under Variable Solvent Quality via Coarse‐grained Modeling. J. Polym. Sci. 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230689

(163) Abate, S. Y.; Qi, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Jha, S.; Zhang, H.; Ma, G.; Gu, X.; Wang, K.; Patton, D.; Dai, Q. Eco‐friendly Solvent Engineered CsPbI 2.77 Br 0.23 Ink for Large‐Area And Scalable High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv. Mater. 2023, n/a (n/a), 2310279.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202310279.

2022 (31 articles)

(106) Zhao, H.; Shanahan, J. J.; Samson, S.; Li, Z.; Ma, G.; Prine, N.; Galuska, L.; Wang, Y.; Xia, W.; You, W.; et al. Manipulating Conjugated Polymer Backbone Dynamics through Controlled Thermal Cleavage of Alkyl Side Chains. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2022, 2200533, 2200533. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202200533

(107) Ma, G.; Leng, M.; Li, S.; Cao, Z.; Cao, Y.; Tabor, D. P.; Fang, L.; Gu, X. Robust Chain Aggregation of Low-Entropy Rigid Ladder Polymers in Solution. J. Mater. Chem. C 2022. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TC00761D

(108) Cao, Z.; Leng, M.; Cao, Y.; Gu, X.; Fang, L. How Rigid Are Conjugated Non‐ladder and Ladder Polymers? J. Polym. Sci. 2022, 60 (3), 298–310.

https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20210550

(109) Alesadi, A.; Cao, Z.; Li, Z.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, H.; Gu, X.; Xia, W. Machine Learning Prediction of Glass Transition Temperature of Conjugated Polymers from Chemical Structure. Cell Reports Phys. Sci. 2022, 3 (6), 100911.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100911

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(128) Sommerville, P. J. W.; Balzer, A. H.; Lecroy, G.; Guio, L.; Wang, Y.; Onorato, J. W.; Kukhta, N. A.; Gu, X.; Salleo, A.; Stingelin, N.; et al. Influence of Side Chain Interdigitation on Strain and Charge Mobility of Planar Indacenodithiophene Copolymers. ACS Polym. Au 2022, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00034

(129) Liu, D.; Lei, Y.; Ji, X.; Wu, Y.; Lin, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Zheng, Y.; Chen, Y.; Lai, J.-C.; et al. Tuning the Mechanical and Electric Properties of Conjugated Polymer Semiconductors: Side-Chain Design Based on Asymmetric Benzodithiophene Building Blocks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, n/a (n/a), 2203527. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202203527

(130) Chen, T.; Ye, G.; Wu, H.; Qi, S.; Ma, G.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Zhu, J.; Gu, X.; Liu, N. Highly Conductive and Underwater Stable Ionic Skin for All‐Day Epidermal Biopotential Monitoring. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, n/a (n/a), 2206424.

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(132) Qi, Y.; Almtiri, M.; Giri, H.; Jha, S.; Ma, G.; Shaik, A. K.; Zhang, Q.; Pradhan, N.; Gu, X.; Hammer, N. I.; et al. Evaluation of the Passivation Effects of PEDOT:PSS on Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 2022, n/a (n/a), 2202713.

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(133) Muñoz, G.; Chamberlain, K. M.; Athukorale, S.; Ma, G.; Gu, X.; Pittman, C. U.; Smith, D. W. Teaching Old Polymers New Tricks. Improved Synthesis and Anomalous Crystallinity for a Lost Semi‐Fluorinated Polyaryl Ether via Interfacial Polymerization of Hexafluoroacetone Hydrate and Diphenyl Ether. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2022, n/a (n/a), 2200737.

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(134) Ahmad H, Zhang S, Liu CT, Ma G, Azoulay JD, Gu X, Gangishetty MK, Kundu S (2022) Effects of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Molecular Weight and the Aging of Spinning Solution on the Electrospun Fiber Properties. ACS Applied Polymer Materials,

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(135) Abate, S. Y.; Jha, S.; Ma, G.; Nash, J.; Pradhan, N.; Gu, X.; Patton, D.; Dai, Q. Surface Capping Layer Prepared from the Bulky Tetradodecylammonium Bromide as an Efficient Perovskite Passivation Layer for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c19201

(136) Ding, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, G.; Gu, X.; Qiu, L. Side Chain Engineering: Achieving Stretch-Induced Molecular Orientation and Enhanced Mobility in Polymer Semiconductors. Chem. Mater. 2022, 34(6), 2696–2707.

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2021 (28 articles)

(79) Weller, D. W.; Ma, G.; Galuska, L. A.; Zhang, S.; Stringer, M.; Aracri, S.; Wang, W.; Hong, K.; Gu, X. Strain-Induced Nanocavitation in Block Copolymer Thin Films for High Performance Filtration Membranes. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2021, 3 (11), 5666–5673.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c00963

(80) Zhang, S.; Koizumi, M.; Cao, Z.; Mao, K. S.; Qian, Z.; Galuska, L. A.; Jin, L.; Gu, X. Directly Probing the Fracture Behavior of Ultrathin Polymeric Films. ACS Polym. Au 2021, 1 (1), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00005

(81) Weller, D. W.; Halbach, R.; Rohde, B.; Kang, S.; Dwivedi, S.; Mehringer, K. D.; Shankar, R.; Storey, R. F.; Morgan, S. E.; Zabula, A. V; et al. Long-Chain Branched Polypentenamer Rubber: Topological Impact on Tensile Properties, Chain Dynamics, and Strain-Induced Crystallization. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2021, 3 (5), 2498–2506.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c00083

(82) Galuska, L. A.; Muckley, E. S.; Cao, Z.; Ehlenberg, D. F.; Qian, Z.; Zhang, S.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Phan, M. D.; Ankner, J. F.; Ivanov, I. N.; et al. SMART Transfer Method to Directly Compare the Mechanical Response of Water-Supported and Free-Standing Ultrathin Polymeric Films. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12 (1), 2347.

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(83) Zhang, S.; Alesadi, A.; Mason, G. T.; Chen, K.-L.; Freychet, G.; Galuska, L.; Cheng, Y.-H.; St. Onge, P. B. J.; Ocheje, M. U.; Ma, G.; et al. Molecular Origin of Strain‐Induced Chain Alignment in PDPP‐Based Semiconducting Polymeric Thin Films. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31 (21), 2100161. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202100161

(84) Qian, Z.; Luo, S.; Qu, T.; Galuska, L. A.; Zhang, S.; Cao, Z.; Dhakal, S.; He, Y.; Hong, K.; Zhou, D.; et al. Influence of Side‐chain Isomerization on the Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(3‐alkylthiophenes). J. Mater. Res.2021, 36 (1), 191–202.

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(85) Mooney, M.; Wang, Y.; Nyayachavadi, A.; Zhang, S.; Gu, X.; Rondeau-Gagné, S. Enhancing the Solubility of Semiconducting Polymers in Eco-Friendly Solvents with Carbohydrate-Containing Side Chains. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13 (21), 25175–25185.

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(86) Zheng, Y.; Yu, Z.; Zhang, S.; Kong, X.; Michaels, W.; Wang, W.; Chen, G.; Liu, D.; Lai, J.-C.; Prine, N.; et al. A Molecular Design Approach towards Elastic and Multifunctional Polymer Electronics. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12 (1), 5701.

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(87) Yan, X.; Xiong, M.; Deng, X.; Liu, K.; Li, J.; Wang, X.-Q.; Zhang, S.; Prine, N.; Zhang, Z.; Huang, W.; et al. Approaching Disorder-Tolerant Semiconducting Polymers. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12 (1), 5723. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26043-y

(88) Chaudhry, S.; Wu, Y.; Cao, Z.; Li, S.; Canada, J. L.; Gu, X.; Risko, C.; Mei, J. Evolution of Chain Dynamics and Oxidation States with Increasing Chain Length for a Donor–Acceptor-Conjugated Oligomer Series. Macromolecules 2021, 54 (17), 8207–8219.

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(89) Zhao, Y.; Zhang, S.; Yu, T.; Zhang, Y.; Ye, G.; Cui, H.; He, C.; Jiang, W.; Zhai, Y.; Lu, C.; et al. Ultra-Conformal Skin Electrodes with Synergistically Enhanced Conductivity for Long-Time and Low-Motion Artifact Epidermal Electrophysiology. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12 (1), 4880.

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(90) Ocheje, M. U.; Goodman, R. B.; Lu, K.-T.; Wang, Y.; Galuska, L. A.; Soullard, L.; Cao, Z.; Zhang, S.; Yadiki, M.; Gu, X.; et al. Precise Control of Noncovalent Interactions in Semiconducting Polymers for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Chem. Mater. 2021, 33 (21), 8267–8277. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c02426

(91) Jia, H.; Huang, Z.; Li, P.; Zhang, S.; Wang, Y.; Wang, J.-Y.; Gu, X.; Lei, T. Engineering Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers for High-Performance and Fast-Response Organic Electrochemical Transistors. J. Mater. Chem. C 2021, 9 (14), 4927–4934.

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(92) Xiong, M.; Yan, X.; Li, J. T.; Zhang, S.; Cao, Z.; Prine, N.; Lu, Y.; Wang, J. Y.; Gu, X.; Lei, T. Efficient N-Doping of Polymeric Semiconductors through Controlling the Dynamics of Solution-State Polymer Aggregates. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 2021, 60 (15), 8189–8197.

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(93) Lakdusinghe, M.; Abbaszadeh, M.; Mishra, S.; Sengottuvelu, D.; Wijayapala, R.; Zhang, S.; Benasco, A. R.; Gu, X.; Morgan, S. E.; Wipf, D. O.; et al. Nanoscale Self-Assembly of Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) Assisted by a Low-Molecular-Weight Gelator toward Large-Scale Fabrication of Electrically Conductive Networks. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2021, 4 (8), 8003–8014.

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(94) Wang, Z.; Gao, K.; Kan, Y.; Zhang, M.; Qiu, C.; Zhu, L.; Zhao, Z.; Peng, X.; Feng, W.; Qian, Z.; et al. The Coupling and Competition of Crystallization and Phase Separation, Correlating Thermodynamics and Kinetics in OPV Morphology and Performances. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12 (1), 332. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20515-3

(95) Li, B.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, S.; Ahmad, Z.; Chidanguro, T.; Hunter Davis, A.; Simon, Y. C.; Gu, X.; Zheng, W.; Pradhan, N.; et al. Spontaneously Supersaturated Nucleation Strategy for High Reproducible and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 405, 126998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126998

(96) Zhao, F.; Yuan, Y.; Ding, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, X.; Zhang, G.; Gu, X.; Qiu, L. Taming Charge Transport and Mechanical Properties of Conjugated Polymers with Linear Siloxane Side Chains. Macromolecules 2021, 54 (12), 5440–5450.

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(97) Mayer, K. S.; Adams, D. J.; Eedugurala, N.; Lockart, M. M.; Mahalingavelar, P.; Huang, L.; Galuska, L. A.; King, E. R.; Gu, X.; Bowman, M. K.; et al. Topology and Ground State Control in Open-Shell Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers. Cell Reports Phys. Sci. 2021, 2 (6), 100467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100467

(98) Fuchs, W. K.; Sarantes, C.; Prine, N.; Gu, X.; Patton, D. L.; Wiggins, J. Atomic Oxygen-Resistant Epoxy-Amines Containing Phenylphosphine Oxide as Low Earth Orbit Stable Polymers. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2021, 3 (1), 178–190.

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(99) Luo, S.; Li, N.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, C.; Qu, T.; Ocheje, M. U.; Xue, G.; Gu, X.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Hu, W.; et al. Observation of Stepwise Ultrafast Crystallization Kinetics of Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers and Correlation with Field Effect Mobility. Chem. Mater. 2021, 33 (5), 1637–1647. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03854

(100) Zhao, Y.; Liu, T.; Wu, B.; Zhang, S.; Prine, N.; Zhang, L.; Pang, S.; Yin, B.; Ye, L.; Gu, X.; et al. High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells and Photodetectors Enabled by a High-Mobility n-Type Polymer and Optimized Bulk-Heterojunction Morphology. Chem. Mater. 2021, 33 (10), 3746–3756. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00825

(101) Wang, D.; Liu, H.; Liu, F.; Ma, G.; Yang, J.; Gu, X.; Zhou, M.; Chen, Z. Phase-Separation-Induced Porous Lithiophilic Polymer Coating for High-Efficiency Lithium Metal Batteries. Nano Lett. 2021, 21 (11), 4757–4764.

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(102) Zhang, Q.; Conkle, K.; Ahmad, Z.; Ray, P. C.; Kołodziejczyk, W.; Hill, G. A.; Gu, X.; Dai, Q. (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Cs 0.05 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 Perovskite Films Prepared by Solvent Volatilization for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells. Sol. RRL 2021, 5 (11), 2100640.

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(103) Mooney, M.; Wang, Y.; Iakovidis, E.; Gu, X.; Rondeau-Gagné, S. Carbohydrate-Containing Conjugated Polymers: Solvent-Resistant Materials for Greener Organic Electronics. ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 2021, acsaelm.1c00932.

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(104) Li, N.; Dai, Y.; Li, Y.; Dai, S.; Strzalka, J.; Su, Q.; De Oliveira, N.; Zhang, Q.; St. Onge, P. B. J.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; et al. A Universal and Facile Approach for Building Multifunctional Conjugated Polymers for Human-Integrated Electronics. Matter 2021, 4 (9), 3015–3029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.07.013

(105) Aguado, B.; Bray, L. J.; Caneva, S.; Correa-Baena, J.-P.; Di Martino, G.; Fang, C.; Fang, Y.; Gehring, P.; Grosso, G.; Gu, X.; et al. 35 Challenges in Materials Science Being Tackled by PIs under 35(Ish) in 2021. Matter 2021, 4 (12), 3804–3810.

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2020  (14 articles)

(65) Cao, Z.; Li, Z.; Zhang, S.; Galuska, L.; Li, T.; Do, C.; Xia, W.; Hong, K.; Gu, X. Decoupling Poly(3-Alkylthiophenes)’ Backbone and Side-Chain Conformation by Selective Deuteration and Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2020, 53 (24), 11142–11152.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02086

(66) Cao, Z.; Galuska, L.; Qian, Z.; Zhang, S.; Huang, L.; Prine, N.; Li, T.; He, Y.; Hong, K.; Gu, X. The Effect of Side-Chain Branch Position on the Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Alkylthiophenes). Polym. Chem. 2020, 11 (2), 517–526.

https://doi.org/10.1039/C9PY01026B

(67) Galuska, L. A.; McNutt, W. W.; Qian, Z.; Zhang, S.; Weller, D. W.; Dhakal, S.; King, E. R.; Morgan, S. E.; Azoulay, J. D.; Mei, J.; et al. Impact of Backbone Rigidity on the Thermomechanical Properties of Semiconducting Polymers with Conjugation Break Spacers. Macromolecules 2020, 53 (14), 6032–6042. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00889

(68) Zhang, S.; Cheng, Y.; Galuska, L.; Roy, A.; Lorenz, M.; Chen, B.; Luo, S.; Li, Y.; Hung, C.; Qian, Z.; et al. Tacky Elastomers to Enable Tear‐Resistant and Autonomous Self‐Healing Semiconductor Composites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 2000663, 2000663.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202000663

(69) Zhang, S.; Alesadi, A.; Selivanova, M.; Cao, Z.; Qian, Z.; Luo, S.; Galuska, L.; Teh, C.; Ocheje, M. U.; Mason, G. T.; et al. Toward the Prediction and Control of Glass Transition Temperature for Donor–Acceptor Polymers. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 2002221, 2002221.

https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202002221

(70) Luo, S.; Wang, T.; Ocheje, M. U.; Zhang, S.; Xu, J.; Qian, Z.; Gu, X.; Xue, G.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Jiang, J.; et al. Multiamorphous Phases in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers: From Bulk to Ultrathin Films. Macromolecules 2020, acs.macromol.9b02738. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02738

(71) Pignanelli, J.; Qian, Z.; Gu, X.; Ahamed, M. J.; Rondeau-Gagné, S. Modulating the Thermomechanical Properties and Self-Healing Efficiency of Siloxane-Based Soft Polymers through Metal–Ligand Coordination. New J. Chem.2020.

https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ01119C

(72) Zhu, L.; Zhang, M.; Zhou, G.; Hao, T.; Xu, J.; Wang, J.; Qiu, C.; Prine, N.; Ali, J.; Feng, W.; et al. Efficient Organic Solar Cell with 16.88% Efficiency Enabled by Refined Acceptor Crystallization and Morphology with Improved Charge Transfer and Transport Properties. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10 (18), 1904234.

https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201904234

(73) Pang, S.; Zhou, X.; Zhang, S.; Tang, H.; Dhakal, S.; Gu, X.; Duan, C.; Huang, F.; Cao, Y. Nonfused Nonfullerene Acceptors with an A–D–A′–D–A Framework and a Benzothiadiazole Core for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12 (14), 16531–16540. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c01850

(74) Li, Q.; Wang, L.-M.; Liu, S.; Guo, L.; Dong, S.; Ma, G.; Cao, Z.; Zhan, X.; Gu, X.; Zhu, T.; et al. Vertical Composition Distribution and Crystallinity Regulations Enable High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells with 17% Efficiency. ACS Energy Lett. 2020, 5 (11), 3637–3646.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01927 

(75) Huang, L.; Eedugurala, N.; Benasco, A.; Zhang, S.; Mayer, K. S.; Adams, D. J.; Fowler, B.; Lockart, M. M.; Saghayezhian, M.; Tahir, H.; et al. Open‐Shell Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers with High Electrical Conductivity. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 1909805, 1909805. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201909805

(76) Zheng, Y.-Q.; Ashizawa, M.; Zhang, S.; Kang, J.; Nikzad, S.; Yu, Z.; Ochiai, Y.; Wu, H.-C.; Tran, H.; Mun, J.; et al. Tuning the Mechanical Properties of a Polymer Semiconductor by Modulating Hydrogen Bonding Interactions. Chem. Mater. 2020, 32 (13), 5700–5714. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01437

(77) McNutt, W. W.; Gumyusenge, A.; Galuska, L. A.; Qian, Z.; He, J.; Gu, X.; Mei, J. N-Type Complementary Semiconducting Polymer Blends. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c00261

(78) Li, Q.-Y.; Yao, Z.-F.; Lu, Y.; Zhang, S.; Ahmad, Z.; Wang, J.-Y.; Gu, X.; Pei, J. Achieving High Alignment of Conjugated Polymers by Controlled Dip-Coating. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2020, 2000080, 2000080. https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202000080

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